Life insurance, a great tool in personal financial management, can create debate over its status as an asset. This article delves into various assets and liabilities as we search for the truth of what constitutes an asset. Generally, an “asset” is something that enhances oneโs financial status, but life insurance’s categorization as such depends on the type of policy. Join us as we shed some light on the subtleties of term and permanent life insurance, especially whole life insurance, examining their roles as potential assets. Our goal is to thoroughly answer whether life insurance constitutes a personal asset or liability.
Table of Contents
- Key Takeaways
- Is Life Insurance an Asset?
- Understanding Assets and Liabilities
- What Counts as an Asset?
- Is Insurance an Asset?
- Life Insurance is an Asset
- Life Insurance as an Asset Class
- BOLI & COLI
- Life Insurance as an Asset Exceptions
- Conclusion
Key Takeaways
-
- Permanent life insurance, such as whole life insurance, qualifies as an asset due to cash value accumulation.
- Term life insurance is not an asset because it lacks cash value and only lasts for a specified term.
- Assets are items of value that contribute positively to one’s finances (assets put money into your pocket).
- The life insurance cash value can be accessed via loans or withdrawals.
- Whole life insurance’s guaranteed cash value growth offers a stable, non-correlated asset, providing a hedge against market risk and volatility.
- While not an asset, term life insurance is essential for short-term financial protection and peace of mind./li>
- The cash value component in life insurance can grow tax-deferred, providing additional tax benefits.
- Cash value life insurance is a strategic tool for wealth building and personal finance beyond just its death benefit.
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Is Life Insurance and Asset?
TLDR: Spoiler Alert. Yes, permanent life insurance is an asset. In fact, dividend paying whole life insurance can be an excellent non correlated asset providing a fantastic hedge against market risk. But, before we get too far ahead of ourselves, it is important that we first define what an asset is and then see how life insurance fits into the category of an asset.
Understanding Assets vs. Liabilities
Robert Kiyosaki, author of Rich Dad, Poor Dad, has a simple way of defining assets and liabilities. According to Kiyosaki, an asset is something that puts money into your pocket and a liability is something that takes money out of your pocket.
An example he offers is your primary residence. Unlike investment real estate property that typically provides cash flow income (i.e. cash in your pocket) to you in the form of rent, depreciation, amortization, and equity growth, your primary residence takes cash out of your pocket in the form of your mortgage payments. Therefore, your home is not an asset.
What counts as an Asset?
An asset adds value to a person or business (puts money into your pocket). There are two main types of assets, tangible and intangible.
- Tangible assets are those that can be touched.
- Intangible assets are those that cannot be touched.
We can further breakdown assets into the following categories:
- Financial Assets Vs Real Assets: Another way to look at assets are by separating them into financial assets such as cash, bonds, stocks, and Bitcoin and real assets such as real estate, commodities (oil, gold, silver), and collectibles.
- Liquidity: Another characteristic of an asset is liquidity. Assets can be liquid or illiquid. For example, publicly traded stock is liquid, whereas private equity in a business is illiquid.
- Appreciating/Depreciating: Additionally, some assets are appreciating and others are depreciating. For example, real estate typically appreciates, but in an economic downturn it may depreciate. Your car would probably not be an asset, unless it is a classic, because its value depreciates over time and it does not put money into your pocket.
- Cash Flow: Some assets are sought after because they create cash flow. Real estate is probably the first example that comes to mind but another cash flowing asset would be high cash value whole life insurance.
So, let’s take a look at some assets. For our purposes here we will separate assets into tangible and intangible assets.
Some examples of tangible assets
- Real estate (such as buildings and land)
- Precious metals (such as gold, silver, copper and platinum)
- Commodities (e.g. electricity, oil and natural gas)
- Mutual Funds
- Stocks
- Bitcoin
- Bonds
- Money Market Accounts
- Certificates of Deposit or CDs
- Cash
- Annuities
- Equipment
- Inventory
- Cash value life insurance
Some examples of intangible assets:
- Patents
- Copyrights
- Trademarks
- Use rights โ land, air, water
- Buy-Sell Agreements
- Domain Names
- Goodwill
Some examples of liabilities (i.e. things that take money out of your pocket)
These are liabilities because they tend to decrease in value over time and detract from a wealth building plan.
- Loans (Mortgage on your primary residence, Auto Loans, Student Loans)
- Automobiles
- Credit Cards
- Jewelry (Unless the jewelry appreciates due to what is is made from)
- Recreational Vehicles
- Boats
- Furniture
Perhaps the best way to look at insurance is neither an asset or a liability, but rather a risk reducer, since it is meant to protect your assets from loss and harm.
Typically when we think of insurance we think of expenses. Insurance coverage premiums, such as home, auto, health or liability, take money out of our pocket. Therefore, under our definition above, these types of insurance would be a liability, unless of course the insurance pays out.
And that is the interesting thing about insurance (other than cash value life). If you have an insurance policy and it pays out a claim, then perhaps the insurance is an asset, or at the very least it converts into an asset.
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Whether or not we define life insurance as an asset will depend on what type of policy we are referring to. Cash value life insurance is an asset but term life is not.
Term life is not an asset.
Term life insurance would be defined as a “pure” insurance policy that pays out a death benefit, but has no cash value accumulation, so it is not an asset, but the policy can be converted to an asset for your beneficiary when you die, via the death benefit. So term life is similar to other types of insurance that is a liability unless it pays out, at which time it converts into an asset (cash). Despite this, its role in offering immediate financial stability and comfort is significant.
Contrast term life with permanent life insurance.
Since permanent coverage builds cash value, cash value life insurance is an asset that can be designed to increase in value, (both your cash value and death benefit), over time.
This means that…
- Term Life Insurance is NOT an asset,
- Whole Life Insurance is an asset,
- Universal Life Insurance is an asset,
- Indexed Universal Life insurance is an asset, and
- Variable Life insurance is an asset.
Asset based long term care insurance.
There is also a product called asset based long term care insurance. Why is it called “asset based?” It is called asset based long term care insurance because the LTC coverage is attached to cash value life insurance, once again demonstrating that cash value life insurance is an asset.
Need further evidence that life insurance is an asset? Let’s take a look at banks and corporations.
Life Insurance as an Asset Class
With cash value life insurance you get the following benefits.
- Tax Free Death Benefit
- Tax Deferred Cash Value Growth
- Tax Free Policy Loans
- Creditor Protection (In Most States)
Let’s break down each of these benefits of life insurance below.
Tax Free Death Benefit
Life insurance is not taxable if paid directly to a beneficiary.This is important because it means your beneficiary receives the entire death benefit income tax free.
A couple exceptions would be if the death benefit causes your estate to exceed the federal estate tax exemption limit or your beneficiary is your estate and your assets are not in a living trust.
Tax Deferred Cash Value Growth
Whole life insurance is an asset in which the cash value grows tax deferred. A properly structured whole life policy offers guaranteed cash value growthย and you may never be taxed on the growth of your cash value if you utilize policy loans.
Tax Free Policy Loans
When you take out a life insurance loan, you are borrowing money from the insurance company’s general account, using your cash value as collateral. Under the Internal Revenue Code, a policy loan is not considered income and is not subject to income tax.
Life Insurance Asset Protection
Another aspect of cash value life insurance is the asset protection it provides. Most states offer some type of creditor protection for life insurance. That means your cash value in your policy may be protected from creditors and judgments.
BOLI and COLI
Banks and Corporations have balance sheets that list cash value life insurance as an asset. Let’s take at look at both banks and corporations.
BOLI-Bank Owned Life Insurance
Bank owned life insurance (BOLI) is a policy where the bank is the owner and often the beneficiary and the employee is the insured. Most bank owned policies are insured by mutual companies, some of the most solid financial companies in the world. Although there are restrictions on how much life insurance a bank can own, bankโs balance sheets will often have more life insurance assets than real estate assets.
So how much cash value life insurance do banks own? Two top banks in the U.S. have life insurance assets of nineteen and seventeen billion respectively.
COLI-Company Owned Life Insurance
Company owned or corporate owned life insurance (COLI) is coverage that is owned by the company on the life of an employee. Often the employer is the beneficiary of the policy and the policy typically is referred to as key person insurance. COLI can also be owned by business owners as part of a buy-sell agreement.
When considering business succession, business owners often wonder about buy sell agreement life insurance tax implications. With the favorable tax status of life insurance, a properly designed buy sell agreement using life insurance will provide excellent tax benefits.
It should also be noted that typically life insurance is not taxable, which makes it an extremely valuable asset for any business owner.
Life Insurance as an Asset Exceptions
- FAFSA Application. Cash value life insurance not considered an asset when you are applying for federal student aid, which is a good thing. Thanks to our tax code, cash value is not a countable assets on the FAFSA application for college financial aid. This is a huge benefit and why saving for college with life insurance is superior 529 College Savings Plan. What this means for your child is that if they are in need of student loans or other type of government aid, any cash value in his or her policy will not be taken into account when determining their eligibility for such aid. In contrast, a 529 plan will be considered for financial aid eligibility purposes.
- Net Investment Income Tax. The NIIT under IRC section 1411 applies at a rate of 3.8% to certain net investment income of individuals, estates and trusts that have income above the statutory threshold amounts. The good news is that cash value withdrawals and loans are not subject to the 3.8% Affordable Care Act (ACA) investment tax.
- Social Security. Cash value assets are not considered in calculating income taxes on Social Security benefits.
- Medicare. Cash value assets are not considered in calculating Medicare premiums.
Conclusion
In summary, the classification of life insurance as an asset hinges on the specific policy type. Permanent policies, such as whole life insurance, are indeed assets because they build cash value. This cash value grows with tax advantages and can be utilized via loans or withdrawals, thereby enhancing one’s financial status. This aligns with Robert Kiyosaki’s asset definition, which emphasizes putting money into your pocket. In contrast, term life insurance doesn’t accumulate cash value and serves only as a temporary financial safeguard, thus not fitting the asset category.
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9 comments
Merilda Pederson
I have a 25k face value who life policy with 109oo case value. With cov19 I need some cash. Can I withdraw my cash value without decreaing my face value?
Insurance&Estates
Hello Merilda, unfortunately it’s impossible for us to comment on what you can do with your specific policy. You’ll need to go back to the agent who wrote the policy or the company directly.
Best, Steve Gibbs for I&E
Dr. Charlotte L. Keys
I am interested in learning about BOLI for Family.
Insurance&Estates
Hello Charlotte and thanks for your interest. We suggest you connect with Barry Brooksby at barry@insuranceandestates.com with a contact number and he will reach out to you.
Best, I&E
Wenefredo Asayas Jr
Hi,
When a variable or universal life policy is still on a paying period, can we consider it an asset and where shall we base the amount, is it with the present fund values or the total paid premium..? (During paying period, fund values may be lower than the total paid premium, and dependent to its actual growth)
And is.premium paymemt be my liabilities?
Thanks
Insurance&Estates
Hello, to explore a clear answer to your question, I suggest that you connect with Jason Herring at jason@insuranceandestates.com as he is very experienced in these products.
Best, I&E Pro Team
Steve Risk
Hi Guys, forgot to add the word “not ” in sentence leading into explaining the one exception when LI is not considered an asset. ๐๐ผ
Insurance&Estates
Thank you. We appreciate your feedback. Correction made.