While many people purchase a life insurance policy for the income tax free death benefit that it can provide to their survivors, there are numerous other ways that this flexible financial vehicle may be used in a financial or retirement plan โ even when the insured is alive.
One of these is the ability to access funds tax-free from a permanent life insurance policyโs cash value account. This money can then be used for any need or want, such as supplementing retirement income, making purchases, and/or paying off high-interest debt.
Not all life insurance policies are exactly alike, though, so it is important to understand which type of life insurance policy generates immediate cash value if you plan to take advantage of these funds.
In addition, there are also certain rules that can come into play when structuring a high cash value life insurance policy. If these guidelines are not followed, you could lose the tax-free nature of the money that you access.
Walking through the process of setting up a plan with a cash value life insurance specialist can help you to narrow down the right type of policy and strategy, based on your particular needs, time frame, and objectives.
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Which Type of Life Insurance Policy Generates Immediate Cash Value?
The type of life insurance policy that generates immediate cash value is Whole Life Insurance. Properly designed dividend paying whole life insurance policies typically have immediate cash value and offer more flexible options and features for cash value accumulation compared to other types of permanent life insurance policies such as universal life, indexed universal life, and variable universal life insurance policies. Additionally, single premium whole life insurance generates immediate cash value because it is fully funded right away, meaning the cash value component can build up quickly as soon as the premium is paid.
Policy Design Matters
The design of traditional whole life insurance focused on the death benefit, with cash value as an afterthought. Contemporary high cash value whole life insurance policies focus on cash value accumulation and growth.
When structuring a whole life insurance policy, the base premium pays for the death benefit. Some whole life insurance policies have a fixed death benefit that is maintained by paying the base premium. Cash value growth occurs but it is a slow growth that doesn’t show much fruit until around the 10 year mark.
In contrast, a high cash value whole life insurance policy focuses on paid up additions versus the base premium. When you structure the policy with the majority of the premium going towards the paid up additions rider, the cash value growth occurs at a much higher rate. The policy design allows the cash value to generate immediately, with access up to 90% of the cash value from day one.
Common high cash value whole life policy designs include paid-up additions to the base policy blends such as 60/40, 70/30, 80/20, and even 90/10. However, it doesn’t imply that these blends are universally ideal for every policyholder. The crucial step is to consult with one of our Pro Client Guides who can craft the optimal high cash value whole life insurance policy specifically tailored to your unique preferences and requirements.
Single Premium vs Lump Sum Whole Life Insurance
When funding high cash value whole life insurance, there are options for adding lump sums and yet this shouldn’t be confused with a single premium product known as a Modified Endowment Contract. Lump sum premiums need to be part of a strategically designed whole life insurance policy in order to avoid the MEC status.
The main difference between single premium MEC policy and a lump sum whole life insurance policy is that the single premium policy’s cash value grows tax-deferred, whereas the lump sum policy’s cash value grows tax-free.
Both types of whole life insurance policies when properly designed, the single premium life insurance and the lump sum life insurance, have a tax-free death benefit that grows as the insured ages.
How Life Insurance Cash Value Works
Although there are many different types of life insurance policies in the marketplace today, there are two primary categories. These are term life insurance and permanent life insurance.
Term Life Insurance
Term life insurance provides death benefit coverage for a pre-set period of time (provided that the premium is paid), such as 10 years, 20 years, or even 30 years. Term is the most basic form of life insurance, as there is no cash value component associated with the policy. After the time period, or โtermโ of coverage has elapsed, the policy will typically expire.
One enticing feature that is associated with term life insurance is that the premium is usually low โ especially if the insured is young and healthy at the time they apply for the coverage. However, if the convertible term life insurance coverage is renewed in the future, the premium will be based on the insuredโs then-current age and health condition.
Therefore, the premium cost of term life insurance could escalate significantly โ and in some cases, if the insured has contracted an adverse health condition, they may not be able to renew the coverage at all.
Cash Value Life Insurance
Conversely, permanent life insurance, also known as cash value life insurance, offers a death benefit and a cash value component. In most cases, as long as the premium is paid, a permanent life insurance policy will remain in-force โ even as the insured ages – and regardless of whether they incur any serious health issues.
The funds that are in the cash value account of a permanent life insurance policy are allowed to grow on a tax deferred basis. This means that there is no tax on the growth unless or until it is withdrawn.
Fully Taxable vs. Tax Deferred Growth
When comparing the tax advantages of whole life insurance policies, which offer tax-deferred growth and tax-free access to cash value, against taxable accounts like typical investment or savings accounts, the contrast becomes evident. For instance, consider an account funded with $100,000 growing over 25 years at a 4% rate. In a tax-deferred account, it would grow to $266,583 over this period, whereas in a fully taxable account with a 25% tax rate, it would only reach $208,691.
Tax deferral can help to increase the cash value account in a policy more quickly because a return is being generated on the:
- Premium(s),
- Potential dividends,
- Previous gains, and
- Funds that would have otherwise been paid in taxes
How much growth is attained โ and how long it can take funds from the cash value component to increase โ can depend on several factors. One of the biggest of these is how and when the policyโs premium(s) is paid in, and how the return in the account is generated.
Life Insurance with Immediate Cash Value
While all permanent life insurance policies can build cash value, some policies can take longer than others to build up. One reason for this is because different types of cash value life insurance policies have differing criteria for how the return in the account is calculated. (And in some cases, like variable universal life insurance, there is the possibility of loss in the account if the underlying investments perform poorly).
Two types of cash value life insurance that are oftentimes used include whole life and universal life insurance. With a whole life insurance policy, the premium and the death benefit will remain constant going forward, whereas with universal life insurance, you have more flexibility over the premiums over time.
Based on the specific permanent life insurance policy, the premiums could be due monthly, semi-annually, or annually. Others may be โpaid upโ after you pay in a certain number of larger premiums, such as a 7-pay or 10-pay policy. Further, there are also permanent life insurance policies that allow you to make just one large single premium payment.
Whole life insurance typically has immediate cash value. It can also have more flexible options and features for cash value accumulation as compared to universal life, indexed universal life, and variable universal life insurance policies.
Single premium whole life insurance is considered to be fully funded right away (i.e., as soon as the premium is paid). Therefore, the cash value component in these plans can build up quickly. (In this case, the amount of the death benefit can vary, based on how much premium is contributed, as well as the age and health of the insured at the time of policy application).
There are different ways that you could fund a single premium whole life insurance policy. These methods could include:
- Using funds from a personal savings or checking account
- โExchangingโ funds from another similar policy (a process known as a 1035 exchange whereby cash value can be moved to a different policy tax-free)
As with other types of permanent life insurance policies, you can access funds from a single premium plan either through withdrawals or loans. Some single premium life insurance policies may also allow you to finance long-term care services using these funds. While doing so can reduce the amount of the death benefit on the policy, it could also allow you to keep your retirement savings in place to be used for their originally-intended purpose.
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There are a couple of ways that you may access funds from a cash value life insurance policyโs cash value component. These include:
- Withdrawals
- Loans
When you withdraw money from a permanent life insurance policy, you will be taxed on the portion of the money that is considered gain, i.e. over your basis in the policy. The amount that you are taxed will correspond with your then-current income tax rate and bracket.
Federal Income Tax Rates in 2022
| Tax Rate % | Single | Married Filing Jointly |
|---|---|---|
| 10% | Up to $10,275 | Up to $20,550 |
| 12% | $10,276 to $41,775 | $20,551 to $83,550 |
| 22% | $41,776 to $89,075 | $83,551 to $178,150 |
| 24% | $89,076 to $170,050 | $178,151 to $340,100 |
| 32% | $170,051 to $215,950 | $340,101 to $431,900 |
| 35% | $215,951 to $539,900 | $431,901 to $647,850 |
| 37% | Over $539,900 | Over $647,850 |
In addition, you may also incur an early withdrawal, or โsurrenderโ charge if you are using a universal life insurance policy. A surrender period for these types of cash value life insurance policies typically last for several years. The amount of the surrender charge โ which is stated as a percentage of the withdrawal โ will generally decrease over time until it disappears altogether.
Borrow From Your Policy
If you plan to borrow money from your life insurance policy, you can generally do so as soon as there is enough money built up to take a loan in the amount that you need. Policy loans can be taken tax-free, so there are no surrender/early withdrawal charges. Nor will you have to pay tax on the funds that you borrow โ as long as they are repaid either during the insuredโs lifetime, or afterwards through the death benefit proceeds.
How to Borrow Money Tax Free from Whole Life Insurance
Although most people do not like to borrow money and increase the amount of their debt, taking loans from whole life insurance can actually have a number of advantages โ starting with the fact that the money is received tax-free. This means that you can count on a certain amount of money to spend, regardless of what the income tax and capital gains tax rates are at that time.
In addition, unlike getting a loan from a bank or other traditional lender, borrowing from a cash value life insurance policy will not impact your credit score.
Similarly, there is no approval process to go through in order to qualify for a life insurance policy loan. In many cases, you can have the money in hand within just days (or less).
It is important to note that the life insurance company will typically charge interest on a policy loan. Although, the interest rate is usually lower than a bank loan or credit card. In addition, there is no mandatory monthly payment for repaying these borrowed funds. (Although a balance will accrue).
If the insured passes away while there is still a remaining balance (plus accrued interest) on the life insurance policy loan, the remainder will be repaid using proceeds from the death benefit. Then, the remaining amount will be distributed to the policyโs beneficiary(ies).
Whole Life Bonus
There is also an additional โbonusโ that is associated with borrowing from a properly structured whole life insurance policy, and that is the return on the cash value account continues to be generated as if no money was taken from the accountโฆbecause, technically, it hasnโt.
For example, if your whole life policyโs cash value is $80,000 and you borrow $40,000, interest received from the life insurance company will continue to accrue on the full $80,000 in the cash value account. This is because you are actually borrowing money from the insurance company and only using the cash value as collateral.
Some life insurance companies also pay dividends to their policyholders. Life Insurance Dividends are considered to be a return of excess premiums, and are not taxed. Even though dividends are not guaranteed, there are some insurers that have consistently made dividend payments for more than 100 years. In some cases, dividends might even be enough to cover the interest on the policy loan, in turn, making the borrowed money โfreeโ to you.
What to Look for When Choosing a Life Insurance Policy That Generates Immediate Cash Value
Purchasing a whole life insurance policy can be a long-term financial commitment. So, it is essential that you consider several important criteria when doing so. These should include knowing about the following:
1. The amount you can borrow from the particular policy.
All life insurance companies (and policies) can have different rules regarding how much you can borrow. Typically, though, the most you can borrow is up to 90% of the cash value.
2. How soon you can start borrowing.
You can generally borrow from your life insurance policy as soon as there is enough cash value built up for what you need. If you pay your policyโs premiums monthly or annually, though, it can take longer for the cash to accumulate as compared to a single premium life insurance policy.
Different companies have different timelines on how soon you can take out a loan against your cash value. There are companies that like you to wait 30 days, while other companies have a 90 day period they prefer you wait before taking out a loan.
3. The amount of the premium.
Just like making any other โhigh ticketโ purchase, before you commit to buying a life insurance policy, you should make sure that you compare several plans. This is because the amount of the premium can differ from one to another โ even with the same amount of coverage, features, and benefits. In this case, it can help if you work with an independent life insurance specialist who can run several policy comparisons for you.
4. Whether the policy is participating or non-participating.
Participating life insurance policies pay dividends (if applicable), which could help you to increase the return on the cash value. Non-participating whole life insurance policies do not pay dividends to policyholders. Therefore, if you have a choice, choosing a participating policy is the best route to take.
5. Financial Strength of the Company
The financial strength and stability of the life insurance company matters, so it is recommended that you check out the financial strength and stability of the insurance carrier, as well as its reputation for paying its claims.
You can do this by reviewing the ratings that the insurer has been given by Standard & Poorโs, A.M. Best, Moodyโs, and/or Fitch Ratings. You will typically want to stick with insurance carriers with ratings of A or better. A life insurance specialist can also assist you with finding this information.
Customizing the Right Life Insurance Policy for Your Specific Needs
A properly structured permanent life insurance policy with immediate cash value could be an integral foundation of your overall financial and retirement plan. There are many different policy options, though, so it is critical that you go with the one that best fits your particular needs, goals, risk tolerance, and time frame.
At Insurance and Estates, our mission is to ensure that consumers truly understand how certain financial vehicles can impact their short- and long-term financial goals. If you would like to obtain more information on generating income tax-free funds โ while at the same time protecting your loved ones in case of the unexpected โ contact us at (877) 787-7558 or send us an email with any questions that you may have by going to info@insuranceandestates.com.
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